All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America
Hydroxychloroquine, the later variant, is the less toxic of the Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are derivatives of quinine, derived from the bark of the Peruvian Cinchona tree
Hydroxychloroquine was synthesized in 1950 as a "less toxic alternative" to another synthetic drug called chloroquine, according to a 2020 report published in the journal Pharmacotherapy
” When the Viceroy returned to Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), two inexpensive medications long used to treat malaria, are being studied as potential therapies for the new coronavirus sweeping the globe
Quinine (C 20 H 24 N 2 O 2) was the first alkaloid extracted and identified from the cinchona tree bark in a large-scale Cinchona grows in Peru
In the late 16th century, Jesuit missionaries first observed Peruvians using an extract from the bark of the tropical Cinchona (sometimes quina-quina) tree to treat fever and chills
Hydroxychloroquine is a synthetic version of quinine
The origins of quinine have been traced to the tree bark of a genus of plants called Cinchona